ATEX: A short introduction
- ATEX (from French ATmosphères EXplosibles) covers two EU directives: Workplace Directive 1999/92/EC (ATEX 137) for employers/plant operators and Product Directive 2014/34/EU (ATEX 114) for manufacturers/equipment.
- Manufacturers must ensure equipment and protective systems comply with the Product Directive and carry the required conformity documentation/marking.
- Employers must comply with national laws transposing the Workplace Directive: assess explosion risks, classify hazardous areas, and prepare an Explosion Protection Document.
- Zone calculations and classification must follow the technical standards (e.g., EN/IEC 60079-10-1 for gases/vapours; EN/IEC 60079-10-2 for combustible dusts).
- Zones and equipment categories determine required protection; companies must apply appropriate technical/organisational measures, provide proportionate training, and keep inspection/maintenance documented.
Fundamentals of the ATEX directives
The ATEX directives on explosion protection are based on two main directives - the ATEX Workplace Directive 1999/92/EC ("ATEX 137") and the ATEX Product Directive 2014/34/EU ("ATEX 114"). These two directives are addressed to manufacturers, operators, and users of equipment or protective systems used in potentially explosive atmospheres. The detailed technical evaluations and zone calculations must be carried out in accordance with relevant technical standards (e.g., EN/IEC 60079-10-1 for gases and EN/IEC 60079-10-2 for combustible dusts).
UEBEX meets these requirements with ATEX-certified product families such as LUMEX SW, LUMEX OR and LUMEX HB, which are designed for different zones and applications.
ATEX Product Directive
The ATEX Product Directive stipulates that equipment, components, and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres may only be sold or placed on the market if they comply with the specific requirements of this directive. This is intended to ensure that they do not cause explosions under normal operating conditions.
"Equipment" includes machines, apparatus, fixed or mobile equipment, control and instrumentation parts as well as systems for warning and prevention. "Components" are parts that are necessary for the safe operation of equipment and protective systems but do not perform an independent function.
ATEX Workplace Directive
The European ATEX Workplace Directive is primarily aimed at employers and plant operators. It defines minimum requirements for improving the health protection and safety of employees who may be endangered by working in potentially explosive environments.
| Product Directive 2014/34/EU | Workplace Directive 1999/92/EC |
|---|---|
| Requirements for manufacturers of products | Requirements for employers and plant operators |
| ATEX category classification | ATEX zone classification |
| Risks and ignition sources of equipment are analyzed | Hazard areas in operational areas are analyzed |
| Declaration of conformity | Explosion protection document |
There is an ATEX Guide for ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU that serves as guidance for all parties dealing with equipment and protective systems in potentially explosive atmospheres. However, it is not a legally binding document.
The ATEX Directives set the EU framework; specific sanctions and enforcement mechanisms are established in each Member State’s implementing legislation.
Importance of the ATEX directives
- Protecting safety in potentially explosive environments
- Harmonising product safety for equipment used in explosive atmospheres
- Facilitating the free movement of compliant goods within the EU
- Protecting workers by assigning employer obligations and risk-management duties
What are potentially explosive areas?
Potentially explosive areas (Ex areas) are locations where a hazardous explosive atmosphere may occur. An explosive atmosphere is defined as a mixture of air and flammable gases, vapors, mists, or combustible dust. It is considered hazardous only when its concentration and duration are sufficient to create a real risk of ignition and explosion.
The ATEX framework requires hazardous areas to be classified according to the explosion risk. Areas are assigned to Ex protection zones: gas zones 0, 1, 2 and dust zones 20, 21, 22. (Note: equipment categories are a separate classification for devices.)
ATEX zones
The ATEX directive provides that these areas are classified into different categories depending on the explosion hazard. These categories are divided into three ATEX zones or Ex protection zones. Two main types of zones are distinguished: gas Ex zones (0, 1, 2) and dust Ex zones (20, 21, 22).
| Explosive atmosphere | Flammable gases | Flammable dusts |
|---|---|---|
| (typically) Present continuously or for long periods (over 1000 hrs per year) | Zone 0 | Zone 20 |
| (typically) Present occasionally (over 10 and under 1000 hrs per year) | Zone 1 | Zone 21 |
| (typically) Present only briefly (under 10 hrs per year) | Zone 2 | Zone 22 |
Equipment categories
Equipment in Category 1 provides the highest level of safety and can be used in all zones, including the most explosion-prone zones 0 and 20.
| Equipment category | Use in |
|---|---|
| 1 | Zones 0, 1, 2, 20, 21 or 22 |
| 2 | Zones 1, 2, 21 or 22 |
| 3 | Zones 2 or 22 |
Classification of Ex areas requires a thorough on-site assessment by qualified personnel to identify hazards, determine zone boundaries and select appropriate protective measures. Assessments should consider the frequency, duration and likelihood of explosive atmospheres and the presence of ignition sources.
Marking of ATEX equipment
According to the ATEX directive, every device, protective system, and installation used in potentially explosive areas must contain the following minimum information:
Practical examples from our portfolio can be found with LUMEX OR, LUMEX OC and LUMEX EM, which cover different marking variants for gas and dust zones.
- Name, registered trade name or registered trademark and address of the manufacturer
- CE marking and number of the involved notified body
- Designation of the series and type
- If applicable, the batch or serial number
- The year of construction
- The explosion protection marking, followed by the marking that identifies the equipment group and category
Equipment groups
The ATEX directive divides products into two equipment groups depending on the area of use:
| Equipment group | For use in |
|---|---|
| I | Mines (above and below ground) |
| II | All other potentially explosive areas (non-mining) |
Equipment categories and safety levels
| Equipment category | Avoidance of effective ignition sources | Level of safety | Usable in zones | Presence of explosive atmospheres |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | In normal operation | normal | 2, 22 | rare and short-term |
| 2 | Also during expected malfunctions | high | 1, 2, 21, 22 | occasional |
| 1 | Also during rare malfunctions | very high | 0, 1, 2, 20, 21, 22 | long-term, continuous or frequent |
Explosion groups
According to their ignition capability and explosion propagation, gases are classified into explosion groups. The hazard of the gases increases from group IIA to IIC.
| Explosion group (gas) | Example gas |
|---|---|
| IIA | Propane |
| IIB | Ethylene |
| IIC | Hydrogen |
Temperature classes
The temperature classes T1–T6 and their maximum surface temperatures are defined in the IEC/EN standards, primarily IEC 60079-0; the ATEX framework refers to these standards for temperature class requirements.
| Temperature class | Permissible max. surface temperature | Ignition temperature range of gas-air mixtures |
|---|---|---|
| T1 | 450 °C | >450 °C |
| T2 | 300 °C | 300-450 °C |
| T3 | 200 °C | 200-300 °C |
| T4 | 135 °C | 135-200 °C |
| T5 | 100 °C | 100-135 °C |
| T6 | 85 °C | 85-100 °C |
Types of protection
The type of protection classifies various technical measures that ensure no ignition sources occur on equipment or during its operation:
- Flameproof enclosure (Ex d): Flameproof enclosure that contains and prevents explosion propagation (Gas, EN/IEC 60079-1)
- Increased safety (Ex e): Increased safety to avoid arcs, sparks and hot surfaces in normal operation (Gas, EN/IEC 60079-7)
- Intrinsic safety (Ex i): Intrinsic safety: energy-limited circuits that cannot ignite an explosive atmosphere (Gas, EN/IEC 60079-11)
- Pressurization (Ex p): Pressurization (positive pressure) to keep explosive atmosphere out of the enclosure (Gas, EN/IEC 60079-2)
- Oil immersion (Ex o): Oil immersion of live parts to prevent sparks/hot surfaces from contacting atmosphere (Gas, EN/IEC 60079-6)
- Encapsulation (Ex m): Encapsulation of components in a compound to isolate ignition sources (Gas, EN/IEC 60079-18)
- Powder filling (Ex q): Powder filling of enclosure with non-combustible powder to prevent ignition (Gas, EN/IEC 60079-5)
- Type of protection for Zone 2 (Ex n): Restricted-sparking / non-sparking measures intended for equipment for Zone 2 (Gas, EN/IEC 60079-15)
- Measures for dust atmospheres (Ex t): Measures for dust atmospheres (control of surface temperature, enclosure protection) (Dust, EN/IEC 60079-31)
- Special type of protection (Ex s): Special/non-standard protection concepts requiring specific assessment (Gas or Dust)
ATEX certification: necessity and process
ATEX (Directive 2014/34/EU) defines requirements for equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. Any product that can act as an ignition source in such atmospheres must be assessed and declared conformant before being placed on the EU market.
Products commonly in scope
- Electrical equipment: switches, luminaires, motors, sensors, control gear
- Mechanical equipment: pumps, valves, tools, enclosures, containers
- Mobile devices: handheld computers, tablets used in hazardous areas
- Measurement and control devices: sensors, controllers, regulators
Key requirements and conformity steps
- Risk assessment: identification of potential ignition mechanisms and definition of the protection concept
- Classification: assignation of the product to an equipment category (1, 2, 3) and the intended zone (gas: 0/1/2; dust: 20/21/22)
- Standards and design: application of the relevant harmonised standards (e.g., EN/IEC 60079 series) or equivalent technical solutions
- Conformity assessment procedure: following of the appropriate route (internal production control or involvement of a notified body)
- Technical documentation: preparation of design drawings, risk assessment, test reports, bill of materials and user/maintenance instructions
- Marking and declaration: after successful assessment, issuing of the EU Declaration of Conformity and application of the CE/Ex marking
For equipment categories that require external assessment, a notified/accredited body performs type-examination, testing and/or quality system assessment and issues the certificate. The notified body also supports the manufacturer with testing and formalities when needed.
ATEX conformity is confirmed at the end of the applicable conformity assessment procedure. Where required, a notified body issues a type-examination certificate; the manufacturer issues the EU Declaration of Conformity and applies the CE marking and, where applicable, the Ex marking with the relevant protection codes and notified-body number. Compliance with ATEX allows placing the product on the EU market.
Practical implementation of ATEX in the company
Companies operating in potentially explosive atmospheres must comply with the requirements of the ATEX directives, as well as all applicable national and local regulations, ensuring proper risk assessment, zone classification, and the use of compliant equipment and procedures.
Training and awareness measures
- Personnel involvement: Active participation of employees in implementing explosion-protection measures
- Targeted training: Regular training sessions on ATEX risks, zone classification, Ex markings, and safe operating procedures
- Clear communication: Clear and accessible communication of safety instructions and operational limitations
- Periodic verification: Regular inspections, audits, and competency checks to ensure ongoing ATEX compliance
Checklist - selection of explosion-protected equipment
When selecting equipment for use in potentially explosive atmospheres, safety specialists must verify that it meets all ATEX requirements and is suitable for the specific classified area.
- Explosion-protection marking: verify that the equipment carries the correct and complete Ex marking
- Equipment group: ensure the equipment belongs to the appropriate group, typically Group II for gas and dust applications
- Equipment category: confirm that the category (1, 2, or 3) is suitable for the designated ATEX zone
- Maximum surface temperature: check that the temperature class or maximum surface temperature is compatible with the substances present
- Special conditions: review any “X” marking or manufacturer-specified special conditions of use
These measures enhance personnel awareness of ATEX obligations and help ensure that operational practices remain compliant in potentially explosive areas.
Safety and compliance in potentially explosive areas
The ATEX directives provide the framework for ensuring the conformity and safe use of equipment and protective systems in hazardous areas. Regular staff training and correct equipment marking are essential, together with compliance with any additional national or local regulations applicable to potentially explosive atmospheres.
UEBEX ATEX-certified lighting solutions
At UEBEX we offer professional LED lighting solutions that are specifically developed and ATEX-certified for use in potentially explosive areas. Our products meet the highest safety standards and are suitable for various ATEX zones.
Our ATEX product families
| Product family | Description |
|---|---|
| LUMEX N7 | Dual Certification Compact Luminaire (Group I & II) |
| LUMEX SW | Ultra-Heavy-Duty Mining Luminaire for Blasting Operations |
| LUMEX OR | Heavy Duty Mining Luminaire |
| LUMEX OC | Heavy-Duty Mining Luminaire for Inline Installation |
| LUMEX HB | High Bay and Floodlight Solutions for Halls and Outdoor Areas |
| LUMEX ML | Versatile Indoor Luminaire |
| LUMEX EM | Heavy-duty IP66 luminaire suitable for aggressive industrial atmospheres |
| LUMEX LG | Elegant Aluminium Luminaire |
| LUMEX LB | Heavy Duty Lantern for Petrochemical Industry |
| LUMEX LS | Emergency Sign Luminaire |
Marking example: LUMEX ML (version for Zones 2/21)
Example of a breakdown of a LUMEX luminaire:
ATEX marking according to EN/IEC 60079-0.
Permitted hazardous zones gas: 2 / dust: 21-22
Explosion group gas: IIC, IIB, IIA / dust: IIIC, IIIB, IIIA
Breakdown of the ATEX codes
- II Equipment Group II (Ex-classified environments not mining-related).
- 3G Category 3 for gas atmospheres (Suitable for Zone 2).
- Ex Explosion-protected equipment marking (compliance with EN/IEC 60079 standards).
- ec Type of protection "Increased safety" (Defined in EN/IEC 60079-7, intended for Zone 2 applications).
- IIC Gas group with the highest requirements (Includes highly explosive gases such as hydrogen and acetylene).
- T5 Temperature class. T5 stands for max surface temperature 100°C.
- Gc Equipment Protection Level (EPL) for gas Level Gc, suitable for Zone 2.
All our ATEX-certified lighting solutions are delivered with complete documentation and a declaration of conformity. Our experts will be happy to advise you on selecting the right luminaires for your specific ATEX requirements.
Summary
Correct application of the ATEX directives is essential for:
- Ensuring the safety of employees in potentially explosive atmospheres
- Maintaining legal compliance and avoiding sanctions
- Protecting facilities and equipment
- Guaranteeing reliable operation
- Enabling pan-European market access for products
Correct application of the ATEX directives is essential, but it is not sufficient on its own; it must always be complemented by the applicable national workplace safety regulations.
Frequently asked questions about ATEX (FAQ)
Below you will find frequently asked questions about the ATEX directives and the marking of devices in potentially explosive environments.
- ATEX Product Directive (2014/34/EU): This directive applies to manufacturers. It defines the essential health and safety requirements for equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. It covers the design, testing, certification, and marking of ATEX-compliant products.
- ATEX Workplace Directive (1999/92/EC): This directive applies to employers and plant operators. It sets the minimum safety requirements for workplaces where explosive atmospheres may occur. It includes risk assessment, classification of hazardous zones, and organizational/technical measures to protect workers.
- Personal protective equipment covered by Regulation (EU) 2016/425
- Products intended for use in domestic or non-commercial environments, where explosive atmospheres are not expected
- Medical devices used in medical environments
- Equipment, protective systems, and components containing explosive substances or unstable chemical substances (e.g., pyrotechnics)
- Mining (especially coal mines with firedamp or coal dust)
- Chemical and petrochemical plants
- Oil and gas facilities (refineries, biogas plants)
- Food and agriculture (grain, sugar, flour, feed)
- Woodworking and furniture production
- Metal processing and powder handling
- Pharmaceutical production
- Paint shops, coating lines, and printing facilities
- Waste treatment and recycling plants
- Zone 0 / Zone 20: An explosive atmosphere is present continuously or for long periods.
- Zone 1 / Zone 21: An explosive atmosphere is likely to occur occasionally.
- Zone 2 / Zone 22: An explosive atmosphere is not expected in normal operation, or only for short periods.
- Legal Status: ATEX is mandatory in the EU; IECEx is voluntary but globally recognized.
- Certification: ATEX allows self-declaration for some categories; IECEx always requires third-party certification.
- Documentation: ATEX requires CE marking and an EU Declaration of Conformity; IECEx issues a Certificate of Conformity (CoC).